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This paper takes the position that public sector governance exists on a continuum, wherein the degrees of autonomy and control vary. This paper will define how the nature of that autonomy and control varies to achieve a given policy objective. It will do so by drawing from the disciplines of organizational design, public administration, economics and law in order to examine how institutional relationships are defined in the public sector, the rationales used for their existence, and how ambiguity in these relationships can be problematic. Finally, we propose a conceptual model that integrates the different dimensions of organizational independence and institutional control with the different types of functions that organizations perform in the public sector.